发布于 2015-08-01 11:20:31 | 271 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: 网络整理
Yii provides a set of widgets that can be used to display data. While the DetailView widget can be used to display data for a single record, ListView and GridView can be used to display a list or table of data records providing features like pagination, sorting and filtering.
The yiiwidgetsDetailView widget displays the details of a single data yiiwidgetsDetailView::$model.
It is best used for displaying a model in a regular format (e.g. each model attribute is displayed as a row in a table). The model can be either an instance or subclass of yiibaseModel such as an active record or an associative array.
DetailView uses the yiiwidgetsDetailView::$attributes property to determine which model attributes should be displayed and how they should be formatted. See the formatter section for available formatting options.
A typical usage of DetailView is as follows:
echo DetailView::widget([
'model' => $model,
'attributes' => [
'title', // title attribute (in plain text)
'description:html', // description attribute formatted as HTML
[ // the owner name of the model
'label' => 'Owner',
'value' => $model->owner->name,
],
'created_at:datetime', // creation date formatted as datetime
],
]);
The yiiwidgetsListView widget is used to display data from a data provider. Each data model is rendered using the specified yiiwidgetsListView::$itemView. Since it provides features such as pagination, sorting and filtering out of the box, it is handy both to display information to end user and to create data managing UI.
A typical usage is as follows:
use yiiwidgetsListView;
use yiidataActiveDataProvider;
$dataProvider = new ActiveDataProvider([
'query' => Post::find(),
'pagination' => [
'pageSize' => 20,
],
]);
echo ListView::widget([
'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
'itemView' => '_post',
]);
The _post view file could contain the following:
<?php
use yiihelpersHtml;
use yiihelpersHtmlPurifier;
?>
<div class="post">
<h2><?= Html::encode($model->title) ?></h2>
<?= HtmlPurifier::process($model->text) ?>
</div>
In the view file above, the current data model is available as $model. Additionally the following variables are available:
$key: mixed, the key value associated with the data item.$index: integer, the zero-based index of the data item in the items array returned by the data provider.$widget: ListView, this widget instance.If you need to pass additional data to each view, you can use the yiiwidgetsListView::$viewParams property to pass key value pairs like the following:
echo ListView::widget([
'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
'itemView' => '_post',
'viewParams' => [
'fullView' => true,
'context' => 'main-page',
// ...
],
]);
These are then also available as variables in the view.
Data grid or GridView is one of the most powerful Yii widgets. It is extremely useful if you need to quickly build the admin section of the system. It takes data from a data provider and renders each row using a set of yiigridGridView::columns presenting data in the form of a table.
Each row of the table represents the data of a single data item, and a column usually represents an attribute of the item (some columns may correspond to complex expressions of attributes or static text).
The minimal code needed to use GridView is as follows:
use yiigridGridView;
use yiidataActiveDataProvider;
$dataProvider = new ActiveDataProvider([
'query' => Post::find(),
'pagination' => [
'pageSize' => 20,
],
]);
echo GridView::widget([
'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
]);
The above code first creates a data provider and then uses GridView to display every attribute in every row taken from the data provider. The displayed table is equipped with sorting and pagination functionality out of the box.
The columns of the grid table are configured in terms of yiigridColumn classes, which are configured in the yiigridGridView::columns property of GridView configuration. Depending on column type and settings these are able to present data differently. The default class is yiigridDataColumn, which represents a model attribute and can be sorted and filtered by.
echo GridView::widget([
'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
'columns' => [
['class' => 'yiigridSerialColumn'],
// Simple columns defined by the data contained in $dataProvider.
// Data from the model's column will be used.
'id',
'username',
// More complex one.
[
'class' => 'yiigridDataColumn', // can be omitted, as it is the default
'value' => function ($data) {
return $data->name; // $data['name'] for array data, e.g. using SqlDataProvider.
},
],
],
]);
Note that if the yiigridGridView::columns part of the configuration isn't specified, Yii tries to show all possible columns of the data provider's model.
Grid columns could be customized by using different column classes:
echo GridView::widget([
'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
'columns' => [
[
'class' => 'yiigridSerialColumn', // <-- here
// you may configure additional properties here
],
In addition to column classes provided by Yii that we'll review below, you can create your own column classes.
Each column class extends from yiigridColumn so that there are some common options you can set while configuring grid columns.
yiigridColumn::content allows you to pass a valid PHP callback that will return data for a row. The format is the following:
function ($model, $key, $index, $column) {
return 'a string';
}
You may specify various container HTML options by passing arrays to:
yiigridDataColumn is used for displaying and sorting data. It is the default column type so the specifying class could be omitted when using it.
The main setting of the data column is its yiigridDataColumn::format property. Its values correspond to methods in the formatter application component that is yiii18nFormatter by default:
echo GridView::widget([
'columns' => [
[
'attribute' => 'name',
'format' => 'text'
],
[
'attribute' => 'birthday',
'format' => ['date', 'php:Y-m-d']
],
],
]);
In the above, text corresponds to yiii18nFormatter::asText(). The value of the column is passed as the first argument. In the second column definition, date corresponds to yiii18nFormatter::asDate(). The value of the column is, again, passed as the first argument while 'php:Y-m-d' is used as the second argument value.
For a list of available formatters see the section about Data Formatting.
For configuring data columns there is also a shortcut format which is described in the API documentation for yiigridGridView::columns.
yiigridActionColumn displays action buttons such as update or delete for each row.
echo GridView::widget([
'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
'columns' => [
[
'class' => 'yiigridActionColumn',
// you may configure additional properties here
],
Available properties you can configure are:
{view} will be replaced by the result of the callback buttons['view']. If a callback cannot be found, the token will be replaced with an empty string. The default tokens are {view} {update} {delete}.yiigridActionColumn::buttons is an array of button rendering callbacks. The array keys are the button names (without curly brackets), and the values are the corresponding button rendering callbacks. The callbacks should use the following signature:
function ($url, $model, $key) {
// return the button HTML code
}
In the code above, $url is the URL that the column creates for the button, $model is the model object being rendered for the current row, and $key is the key of the model in the data provider array.
yiigridActionColumn::urlCreator is a callback that creates a button URL using the specified model information. The signature of the callback should be the same as that of yiigridActionColumn::createUrl(). If this property is not set, button URLs will be created using yiigridActionColumn::createUrl().
yiigridCheckboxColumn displays a column of checkboxes.
To add a CheckboxColumn to the GridView, add it to the yiigridGridView::$columns configuration as follows:
echo GridView::widget([
'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
'columns' => [
// ...
[
'class' => 'yiigridCheckboxColumn',
// you may configure additional properties here
],
],
Users may click on the checkboxes to select rows of the grid. The selected rows may be obtained by calling the following JavaScript code:
var keys = $('#grid').yiiGridView('getSelectedRows');
// keys is an array consisting of the keys associated with the selected rows
Serial column renders row numbers starting with 1 and going forward.
Usage is as simple as the following:
echo GridView::widget([
'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
'columns' => [
['class' => 'yiigridSerialColumn'], // <-- here
// ...
Note: This section is under development.
For filtering data the GridView needs a model that takes the input from, the filtering form and adjusts the query of the dataProvider to respect the search criteria. A common practice when using active records is to create a search Model class that provides needed functionality (it can be generated for you by Gii). This class defines the validation rules for the search and provides a search() method that will return the data provider.
To add the search capability for the Post model, we can create PostSearch like the following example:
<?php
namespace appmodels;
use Yii;
use yiibaseModel;
use yiidataActiveDataProvider;
class PostSearch extends Post
{
public function rules()
{
// only fields in rules() are searchable
return [
[['id'], 'integer'],
[['title', 'creation_date'], 'safe'],
];
}
public function scenarios()
{
// bypass scenarios() implementation in the parent class
return Model::scenarios();
}
public function search($params)
{
$query = Post::find();
$dataProvider = new ActiveDataProvider([
'query' => $query,
]);
// load the seach form data and validate
if (!($this->load($params) && $this->validate())) {
return $dataProvider;
}
// adjust the query by adding the filters
$query->andFilterWhere(['id' => $this->id]);
$query->andFilterWhere(['like', 'title', $this->title])
->andFilterWhere(['like', 'creation_date', $this->creation_date]);
return $dataProvider;
}
}
You can use this function in the controller to get the dataProvider for the GridView:
$searchModel = new PostSearch();
$dataProvider = $searchModel->search(Yii::$app->request->get());
return $this->render('myview', [
'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
'searchModel' => $searchModel,
]);
And in the view you then assign the $dataProvider and $searchModel to the GridView:
echo GridView::widget([
'dataProvider' => $dataProvider,
'filterModel' => $searchModel,
'columns' => [
// ...
],
]);
When displaying active records in a GridView you might encounter the case where you display values of related columns such as the post author's name instead of just his id. You do this by defining the attribute name in yiigridGridView::$columns as author.name when the Post model has a relation named author and the author model has an attribute name. The GridView will then display the name of the author but sorting and filtering are not enabled by default. You have to adjust the PostSearch model that has been introduced in the last section to add this functionality.
To enable sorting on a related column you have to join the related table and add the sorting rule to the Sort component of the data provider:
$query = Post::find();
$dataProvider = new ActiveDataProvider([
'query' => $query,
]);
// join with relation `author` that is a relation to the table `users`
// and set the table alias to be `author`
$query->joinWith(['author' => function($query) { $query->from(['author' => 'users']); }]);
// enable sorting for the related column
$dataProvider->sort->attributes['author.name'] = [
'asc' => ['author.name' => SORT_ASC],
'desc' => ['author.name' => SORT_DESC],
];
// ...
Filtering also needs the joinWith call as above. You also need to define the searchable column in attributes and rules like this:
public function attributes()
{
// add related fields to searchable attributes
return array_merge(parent::attributes(), ['author.name']);
}
public function rules()
{
return [
[['id'], 'integer'],
[['title', 'creation_date', 'author.name'], 'safe'],
];
}
In search() you then just add another filter condition with:
$query->andFilterWhere(['LIKE', 'author.name', $this->getAttribute('author.name')]);
Info: In the above we use the same string for the relation name and the table alias; however, when your alias and relation name differ, you have to pay attention to where you use the alias and where you use the relation name. A simple rule for this is to use the alias in every place that is used to build the database query and the relation name in all other definitions such as
attributes()andrules()etc.For example, if you use the alias
aufor the author relation table, the joinWith statement looks like the following:$query->joinWith(['author' => function($query) { $query->from(['au' => 'users']); }]);It is also possible to just call
$query->joinWith(['author']);when the alias is defined in the relation definition.The alias has to be used in the filter condition but the attribute name stays the same:
$query->andFilterWhere(['LIKE', 'au.name', $this->getAttribute('author.name')]);The same is true for the sorting definition:
$dataProvider->sort->attributes['author.name'] = [ 'asc' => ['au.name' => SORT_ASC], 'desc' => ['au.name' => SORT_DESC], ];Also, when specifying the yiidataSort::defaultOrder for sorting, you need to use the relation name instead of the alias:
$dataProvider->sort->defaultOrder = ['author.name' => SORT_ASC];
Info: For more information on
joinWithand the queries performed in the background, check the active record docs on joining with relations.
There is also another approach that can be faster and more useful - SQL views. For example, if we need to show the gridview with users and their profiles, we can do so in this way:
CREATE OR REPLACE VIEW vw_user_info AS
SELECT user.*, user_profile.lastname, user_profile.firstname
FROM user, user_profile
WHERE user.id = user_profile.user_id
Then you need to create the ActiveRecord that will be representing this view:
namespace appmodelsviewsgrid;
use yiidbActiveRecord;
class UserView extends ActiveRecord
{
/**
* @inheritdoc
*/
public static function tableName()
{
return 'vw_user_info';
}
public static function primaryKey()
{
return ['id'];
}
/**
* @inheritdoc
*/
public function rules()
{
return [
// define here your rules
];
}
/**
* @inheritdoc
*/
public static function attributeLabels()
{
return [
// define here your attribute labels
];
}
}
After that you can use this UserView active record with search models, without additional specification of sorting and filtering attributes. All attributes will be working out of the box. Note that this approach has several pros and cons:
isActive, isDeleted or others that will influence the UI, you will need to duplicate them in this class too.You can use more than one GridView on a single page but some additional configuration is needed so that they do not interfere with each other. When using multiple instances of GridView you have to configure different parameter names for the generated sort and pagination links so that each GridView has its own individual sorting and pagination. You do so by setting the yiidataSort::sortParam and yiidataPagination::pageParam of the dataProvider's yiidataBaseDataProvider::$sort and yiidataBaseDataProvider::$pagination instances.
Assume we want to list the Post and User models for which we have already prepared two data providers in $userProvider and $postProvider:
use yiigridGridView;
$userProvider->pagination->pageParam = 'user-page';
$userProvider->sort->sortParam = 'user-sort';
$postProvider->pagination->pageParam = 'post-page';
$postProvider->sort->sortParam = 'post-sort';
echo '<h1>Users</h1>';
echo GridView::widget([
'dataProvider' => $userProvider,
]);
echo '<h1>Posts</h1>';
echo GridView::widget([
'dataProvider' => $postProvider,
]);
Note: This section is under development.
TBD