文档
Welcome! 安装(Installation) 示例列表(List of examples) 依赖注入与服务定位器(Dependency Injection/Service Location) MVC 架构(The MVC Architecture) 使用控制器(Using Controllers) 使用模型(Working with Models) 模型元数据(Models Meta-Data) 事务管理(Model Transactions) Phalcon 查询语言(Phalcon Query Language (PHQL)) 缓存对象关系映射(Caching in the ORM) 对象文档映射 ODM (Object-Document Mapper) 使用视图(Using Views) 视图助手(View Helpers) 资源文件管理(Assets Management) Volt 模版引擎(Volt: Template Engine) MVC 应用(MVC Applications) 路由(Routing) 调度控制器(Dispatching Controllers) 微应用(Micro Applications) 使用命名空间(Working with Namespaces) 事件管理器(Events Manager) 请求环境 (Request Environment) 返回响应(Returning Responses) Cookie 管理(Cookies Management) 生成 URL 和 路径(Generating URLs and Paths) 闪存消息(Flashing Messages) 使用 Session 存储数据(Storing data in Session) 过滤与清理(Filtering and Sanitizing) 上下文编码(Contextual Escaping) 验证(Validation) 表单(Forms) 读取配置(Reading Configurations) 分页(Pagination) 使用缓存提高性能(Improving Performance with Cache) 安全(Security) 加密/解密( Encryption/Decryption ) 访问控制列表 ACL(Access Control Lists ACL) 多语言支持(Multi-lingual Support) 通用类加载器 ( Universal Class Loader ) 日志记录(Logging) 注释解析器(Annotations Parser) 命令行应用(Command Line Applications) 队列(Queueing) 数据库抽象层(Database Abstraction Layer) 国际化(Internationalization) 数据库迁移(Database Migrations) 调试应用程序(Debugging Applications) Phalcon 开发工具(Phalcon Developer Tools) 提高性能:下一步该做什么?(Increasing Performance: What's next?) 单元测试(Unit testing) 授权(License)
教程

发布于 2015-08-21 15:15:53 | 241 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: 网络整理

Tutorial 4: Using CRUDs

Backends usually provides forms to allow users to manipulate data. Continuing the explanation of INVO, we now address the creation of CRUDs, a very common task that Phalcon will facilitate you using forms, validations, paginators and more.

Working with the CRUD

Most options that manipulate data in INVO (companies, products and types of products), were developed using a basic and common CRUD (Create, Read, Update and Delete). Each CRUD contains the following files:

invo/
    app/
        controllers/
            ProductsController.php
        models/
            Products.php
        forms/
            ProductsForm.php
        views/
            products/
                edit.volt
                index.volt
                new.volt
                search.volt

Each controller has the following actions:

<?php

class ProductsController extends ControllerBase
{

    /**
     * The start action, it shows the "search" view
     */
    public function indexAction()
    {
        // ...
    }

    /**
     * Execute the "search" based on the criteria sent from the "index"
     * Returning a paginator for the results
     */
    public function searchAction()
    {
        // ...
    }

    /**
     * Shows the view to create a "new" product
     */
    public function newAction()
    {
        // ...
    }

    /**
     * Shows the view to "edit" an existing product
     */
    public function editAction()
    {
        // ...
    }

    /**
     * Creates a product based on the data entered in the "new" action
     */
    public function createAction()
    {
        // ...
    }

    /**
     * Updates a product based on the data entered in the "edit" action
     */
    public function saveAction()
    {
        // ...
    }

    /**
     * Deletes an existing product
     */
    public function deleteAction($id)
    {
        // ...
    }

}

The Search Form

Every CRUD starts with a search form. This form shows each field that has the table (products), allowing the user to create a search criteria from any field. Table “products” has a relationship to the table “products_types”. In this case, we previously queried the records in this table in order to facilitate the search by that field:

<?php

/**
 * The start action, it shows the "search" view
 */
public function indexAction()
{
    $this->persistent->searchParams = null;
    $this->view->form = new ProductsForm;
}

An instance of the form ProductsForm (app/forms/ProductsForm.php) is passed to the view. This form defines the fields that are visible to the user:

<?php

use PhalconFormsForm;
use PhalconFormsElementText;
use PhalconFormsElementHidden;
use PhalconFormsElementSelect;
use PhalconValidationValidatorEmail;
use PhalconValidationValidatorPresenceOf;
use PhalconValidationValidatorNumericality;

class ProductsForm extends Form
{

    /**
     * Initialize the products form
     */
    public function initialize($entity = null, $options = array())
    {

        if (!isset($options['edit'])) {
            $element = new Text("id");
            $this->add($element->setLabel("Id"));
        } else {
            $this->add(new Hidden("id"));
        }

        $name = new Text("name");
        $name->setLabel("Name");
        $name->setFilters(array('striptags', 'string'));
        $name->addValidators(array(
            new PresenceOf(array(
                'message' => 'Name is required'
            ))
        ));
        $this->add($name);

        $type = new Select('profilesId', ProductTypes::find(), array(
            'using'      => array('id', 'name'),
            'useEmpty'   => true,
            'emptyText'  => '...',
            'emptyValue' => ''
        ));
        $this->add($type);

        $price = new Text("price");
        $price->setLabel("Price");
        $price->setFilters(array('float'));
        $price->addValidators(array(
            new PresenceOf(array(
                'message' => 'Price is required'
            )),
            new Numericality(array(
                'message' => 'Price is required'
            ))
        ));
        $this->add($price);
    }
}

The form is declared using an object-oriented scheme based on the elements provided by the forms component. Every element follows almost the same structure:

<?php

// Create the element
$name = new Text("name");

// Set its label
$name->setLabel("Name");

// Before validating the element apply these filters
$name->setFilters(array('striptags', 'string'));

// Apply this validators
$name->addValidators(array(
    new PresenceOf(array(
        'message' => 'Name is required'
    ))
));

// Add the element to the form
$this->add($name);

Other elements are also used in this form:

<?php

// Add a hidden input to the form
$this->add(new Hidden("id"));

// ...

// Add a HTML Select (list) to the form
// and fill it with data from "product_types"
$type = new Select('profilesId', ProductTypes::find(), array(
    'using'      => array('id', 'name'),
    'useEmpty'   => true,
    'emptyText'  => '...',
    'emptyValue' => ''
));

Note that ProductTypes::find() contains the data necessary to fill the SELECT tag using PhalconTag::select. Once the form is passed to the view, it can be rendered and presented to the user:

{{ form("products/search") }}

<h2>Search products</h2>

<fieldset>

    {% for element in form %}
        <div class="control-group">
            {{ element.label(['class': 'control-label']) }}
            <div class="controls">{{ element }}</div>
        </div>
    {% endfor %}

    <div class="control-group">
        {{ submit_button("Search", "class": "btn btn-primary") }}
    </div>

</fieldset>

This produces the following HTML:

<form action="/invo/products/search" method="post">

<h2>Search products</h2>

<fieldset>

    <div class="control-group">
        <label for="id" class="control-label">Id</label>
        <div class="controls"><input type="text" id="id" name="id" /></div>
    </div>

    <div class="control-group">
        <label for="name" class="control-label">Name</label>
        <div class="controls">
            <input type="text" id="name" name="name" />
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="control-group">
        <label for="profilesId" class="control-label">profilesId</label>
        <div class="controls">
            <select id="profilesId" name="profilesId">
                <option value="">...</option>
                <option value="1">Vegetables</option>
                <option value="2">Fruits</option>
            </select>
        </div>
    </div>

    <div class="control-group">
        <label for="price" class="control-label">Price</label>
        <div class="controls"><input type="text" id="price" name="price" /></div>
    </div>

    <div class="control-group">
        <input type="submit" value="Search" class="btn btn-primary" />
    </div>

</fieldset>

When the form is submitted, the action “search” is executed in the controller performing the search based on the data entered by the user.

Creating and Updating Records

Now let’s see how the CRUD creates and updates records. From the “new” and “edit” views the data entered by the user are sent to the actions “create” and “save” that perform actions of “creating” and “updating” products respectively.

In the creation case, we recover the data submitted and assign them to a new “products” instance:

<?php

/**
 * Creates a new product
 */
public function createAction()
{
    if (!$this->request->isPost()) {
        return $this->forward("products/index");
    }

    $form    = new ProductsForm;
    $product = new Products();

    // ...
}

Remember the filters we defined in the Products form? Data is filtered before being assigned to the object $product. This filtering is optional, also the ORM escapes the input data and performs additional casting according to the column types:

<?php

// ...

$name = new Text("name");
$name->setLabel("Name");

// Filters for name
$name->setFilters(array('striptags', 'string'));

// Validators for name
$name->addValidators(array(
        new PresenceOf(array(
            'message' => 'Name is required'
        ))
));

$this->add($name);

When saving we’ll know whether the data conforms to the business rules and validations implemented in the form ProductsForm (app/forms/ProductsForm.php):

<?php

// ...

$form    = new ProductsForm;
$product = new Products();

// Validate the input
$data = $this->request->getPost();
if (!$form->isValid($data, $product)) {
    foreach ($form->getMessages() as $message) {
        $this->flash->error($message);
    }
    return $this->forward('products/new');
}

Finally, if the form does not return any validation message we can save the product instance:

<?php

// ...

if ($product->save() == false) {
    foreach ($product->getMessages() as $message) {
        $this->flash->error($message);
    }
    return $this->forward('products/new');
}

$form->clear();

$this->flash->success("Product was created successfully");
return $this->forward("products/index");

Now, in the case of product updating, first we must present to the user the data that is currently in the edited record:

<?php

/**
 * Edits a product based on its id
 */
public function editAction($id)
{

    if (!$this->request->isPost()) {

        $product = Products::findFirstById($id);
        if (!$product) {
            $this->flash->error("Product was not found");
            return $this->forward("products/index");
        }

        $this->view->form = new ProductsForm($product, array('edit' => true));
    }
}

The data found is bound to the form passing the model as first parameter. Thanks to this, the user can change any value and then sent it back to the database through to the “save” action:

<?php

/**
 * Saves current product in screen
 *
 * @param string $id
 */
public function saveAction()
{
    if (!$this->request->isPost()) {
        return $this->forward("products/index");
    }

    $id = $this->request->getPost("id", "int");
    $product = Products::findFirstById($id);
    if (!$product) {
        $this->flash->error("Product does not exist");
        return $this->forward("products/index");
    }

    $form = new ProductsForm;

    $data = $this->request->getPost();
    if (!$form->isValid($data, $product)) {
        foreach ($form->getMessages() as $message) {
            $this->flash->error($message);
        }
        return $this->forward('products/new');
    }

    if ($product->save() == false) {
        foreach ($product->getMessages() as $message) {
            $this->flash->error($message);
        }
        return $this->forward('products/new');
    }

    $form->clear();

    $this->flash->success("Product was updated successfully");
    return $this->forward("products/index");
}

We have seen how Phalcon lets you create forms and bind data from a database in a structured way. In next chapter, we will see how to add custom HTML elements like a menu.

最新网友评论  共有(0)条评论 发布评论 返回顶部

Copyright © 2007-2017 PHPERZ.COM All Rights Reserved   冀ICP备14009818号  版权声明  广告服务