使用Maven搭建SpringMVC项目的步骤（图文教程）
发布于 2018-03-09 23:55:03 | 208 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: 网友投递
Spring Framework 开源j2ee框架
Spring是什么呢？首先它是一个开源的项目，而且目前非常活跃；它是一个基于IOC和AOP的构架多层j2ee系统的框架，但它不强迫你必须在每一层 中必须使用Spring，因为它模块化的很好，允许你根据自己的需要选择使用它的某一个模块；它实现了很优雅的MVC，对不同的数据访问技术提供了统一的接口，采用IOC使得可以很容易的实现bean的装配，提供了简洁的AOP并据此实现Transcation Managment，等等
本篇文章主要介绍了使用Maven搭建SpringMVC项目的步骤（图文教程），非常具有实用价值，需要的朋友可以参考下
约定电脑都安装了eclipse，且已配置好Maven以及eclipse插件。
1.Eclipse
2.maven
3.Eclipse 需要安装maven插件。url:maven - http://download.eclipse.org/technology/m2e/releases 。
1、新建一个Maven Project
2、选择工作空间
3、搭建Web工程，我们选择maven-archetype-webapp类型
4、填写项目参数，如图
5、以上步骤完成时的工程结构目录
6、可以查看或修改发布目录
7、确保勾选上Dynamic Web Module和Java
8、完成以上步骤，我们的工程就是一个Web项目了，接着我们赋予工程的springmvc特性，配置web.xml，使其具有springmvc特性，主要配置两处，一个是ContextLoaderListener，一个是DispatcherServlet。代码如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee
http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
<!-- 配置web.xml，使其具有springmvc特性，主要配置两处，一个是ContextLoaderListener，一个是DispatcherServlet -->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath*:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
<!-- 配置ContextLoaderListener表示，该工程要以spring的方式启动。启动时会默认在/WEB-INF目录下查找applicationContext.xml
作为spring容器的配置文件，该文件里可以初始化一些bean -->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!-- 字符集过滤器 -->
<filter>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
<!-- spring mvc 配置 -->
<!-- 配置DispatcherServlet表示，该工程将采用springmvc的方式。启动时也会默认在/WEB-INF目录下查找XXX-servlet.xml作为配置文件，
XXX就是DispatcherServlet的名字，该文件中将配置两项重要的mvc特性：HandlerMapping,负责为DispatcherServlet这个前端控制器的请求查找Controller；
ViewResolver,负责为DispatcherServlet查找ModelAndView的视图解析器。
此处使用指定的配置文件spring-mvc.xml -->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>contacts</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<!--<param-value>/WEB-INF/classes/spring-mvc-servlet.xml</param-value>-->
<param-value>classpath*:/spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>contacts</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
<welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
</web-app>9、配置ContextLoaderListener表示，该工程要以spring的方式启动。启动时会默认在/WEB-INF目录下查找 applicationContext.xml作为spring容器的配置文件，这里可以初始化一些bean，如DataSource等。代码如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd">
<!-- bean definitions here -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.jxufe" />
<!-- 配置读取外部配置文件 -->
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
destroy-method="close" p:driverClassName="${jdbc.driverClassName}"
p:url="${jdbc.url}" p:username="${jdbc.username}" p:password="${jdbc.password}" />
<context:annotation-config /> <!-- 此行语句使得resource autowired 等四个注解可以使用 -->
<!-- 实例化jdbcTemplate,同时注入数据源 -->
<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate"
p:dataSource-ref="dataSource" />
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="txManager"
class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
</bean>
<!-- 事务扫描开始(开启@Tranctional) -->
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager" />
</beans>
10、配置DispatcherServlet表示，该工程将采用springmvc的方式。启动时也会默认在/WEB-INF目录下查找XXX- servlet.xml作为配置文件，XXX就是DispatcherServlet的名字，该文件中将配置两项重要的mvc特性：ViewResolver,负责为DispatcherServlet查找ModelAndView的视图解析器。这里我们使用指定的xml配置文件spring-mvc.xml，代码如下：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd"
default-lazy-init="true">
<!-- 启动事务添加配置 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="cn.jxufe">
<!-- 排除扫描service标签 -->
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Service"/>
</context:component-scan>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">
<!-- 注册JASON转换器 -->
<property name="messageConverters">
<list>
<ref bean="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter"/>
<ref bean="utf8StringHttpMessageConverter"/>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="mappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.json.MappingJacksonHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
<value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
<value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="utf8StringHttpMessageConverter" class="org.springframework.http.converter.StringHttpMessageConverter">
<property name="supportedMediaTypes">
<list>
<value>text/plain;charset=UTF-8</value>
<value>text/html;charset=UTF-8</value>
<value>application/json;charset=UTF-8</value>
</list>
</property>
</bean>
<bean id="viewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"/>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
</bean>
<bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.i18n.LocaleChangeInterceptor"></bean>
<!-- 当配置了<mvc:annotation-driven/>后，会自动加载org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.DefaultAnnotationHandlerMapping和
org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter，所以如果显示的配置则需去掉配置<mvc:annotation-driven/> -->
<!--<mvc:annotation-driven/>-->
</beans>
11、配置pom.xml文件，让maven自动配置jar包，代码如下
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>cn.jxufe</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringMVC-Maven</artifactId>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<version>1.0</version>
<name>SpringMVC-Maven Maven Webapp</name>
<url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<spring.version>3.1.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>3.8.1</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- spring begin -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- spring end -->
<!-- web jar -->
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
<artifactId>javax.servlet.jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.3.1</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<!-- jackson jar -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
<artifactId>jackson-jaxrs</artifactId>
<version>1.9.11</version>
</dependency>
<!-- commons jar -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-lang3</artifactId>
<version>3.3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-io</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-io</artifactId>
<version>2.4</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-collections4</artifactId>
<version>4.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
<version>1.1.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-beanutils</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-beanutils</artifactId>
<version>1.8.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-chain</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-chain</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-fileupload</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-fileupload</artifactId>
<version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-math3</artifactId>
<version>3.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
<version>2.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-digester3</artifactId>
<version>3.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-net</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-net</artifactId>
<version>3.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>
<version>1.5</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-email</artifactId>
<version>1.3.3</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
<!-- jstl jar -->
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId>
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>taglibs</groupId>
<artifactId>standard</artifactId>
<version>1.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 日志相关 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId>
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>1.2.16</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>1.7.5</version>
</dependency>
<!-- 验证码kaptcha -->
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.code</groupId>
<artifactId>kaptcha</artifactId>
<version>2.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mysql -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.31</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>SpringMVC-Maven</finalName>
</build>
</project>
12、完成以上步骤后，可以继续配置jdbc.properties、log4j.properties等文件。至此SpringMVC项目搭建完成，工程结构如下图：
13、代码我都会托管到GibHub上，有需要的朋友可以查看。GitHub
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持PHPERZ。
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