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Struts Java MVC框架

Struts 是Apache软件基金会(ASF)赞助的一个开源项目。它最初是Jakarta项目中的一个子项目,并在2004年3月成为ASF的顶级项目。它通过采用JavaServlet/JSP技术,实现了基于Java EEWeb应用的MVC设计模式的应用框架,是MVC经典设计模式中的一个经典产品。


这篇文章主要介绍了详解JAVAEE——SSH三大框架整合(spring+struts2+hibernate),具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下

一、整合原理

二、导包(41个)

1.hibernate

(1)hibernate/lib/required

  

(2)hibernate/lib/jpa | java persist api java的持久化规范(接口)

  

(3)数据库驱动

  

2.struts2

(1)struts-blank.war/WEB-INF/lib/*

 注意:javassist-3.18.1-GA.jar包与hibernate中的重复(只保留高版本即可)

  

(2)struts整合spring插件包

注意:这个包一旦导入,那么struts2在启动时就会寻找spring容器.找不到将会抛出异常

  

3.spring

(1)基本:4+2

core | beans | context | expression | logging | log4j

(2)整合web:web包

spring-web

(3)整合aop:4个

spring-aop | spring-aspect | aop联盟 | aopweaving

(4)整合Hibernate和事务:4个

spring-jdbc | spring-tx | c3p0 | spring-orm

(5)整合junit4测试:test包

spring-test

4.标签库

standard.jar | jstl-1.2.jar

三、单独配置spring容器

1.创建applicationContext.xml,并导入约束(4个) beans | context | aop | tx


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.2.xsd 
              http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.2.xsd 
              http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.2.xsd 
              http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.2.xsd ">

  <bean name="userAction" class="cn.xyp.web.action.UserAction"></bean>

</beans>

2.配置spring随项目启动(web.xml)


 <!-- 让spring随web启动而创建的监听器 -->
 <listener>
   <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
 </listener>
 <!-- 配置spring配置文件位置参数 -->
 <context-param>
   <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
   <param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
 </context-param>

四、单独配置struts2

1.配置struts2主配置文件(struts.xml)


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
 <!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
  "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.3//EN"
  "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.3.dtd">
  
<struts>
  <package name="crm" namespace="/" extends="struts-default">
    <action name="UserAction_*" class="cn.xyp.web.action.UserAction" method="{1}">
      <result name="success">/success.jsp</result>
    </action>
  </package>
</struts>

2.配置struts2核心过滤器到web.xml


 <!-- struts2核心过滤器 -->
 <filter>
   <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
   <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter</filter-class>
 </filter>
 
 <filter-mapping>
   <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </filter-mapping>

五、struts2与spring整合

1.导包(已经导入)

struts2-spring-plugin-2.3.24.jar

2.配置常量

查看默认配置文件从31行开始找到要配置的变量。

  


### if specified, the default object factory can be overridden here
### Note: short-hand notation is supported in some cases, such as "spring"
###    Alternatively, you can provide a com.opensymphony.xwork2.ObjectFactory subclass name here
# struts.objectFactory = spring

### specifies the autoWiring logic when using the SpringObjectFactory.
### valid values are: name, type, auto, and constructor (name is the default)
struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire = name

 添加常量到struts.xml


  <!-- # struts.objectFactory = spring  将action的创建交给spring容器  
      struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire = name spring负责装配Action依赖属性
      -->
  <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring"></constant>

3.整合方案1:struts2自己创建action,spring负责组装依赖属性(了解)


<!-- 整合方案1:class属性上仍然配置action的完整类名
        struts2仍然创建action,由spring负责组装Action中的依赖属性
     -->
    <action name="UserAction_*" class="cn.xyp.web.action.UserAction" method="{1}" >
      <result name="toHome" type="redirect" >/index.htm</result>
      <result name="error" >/login.jsp</result>
    </action>

不推荐理由:最好由spring完整管理action的生命周期.spring中功能才应用到Action上.

4.整合方案2:spring负责创建action以及组装.(推荐)

applicationContext.xml:


  <!-- action -->
  <!-- 注意:Action对象作用范围一定是多例的.这样才符合struts2架构 -->
  <bean name="userAction" class="cn.itcast.web.action.UserAction" scope="prototype" >
    <property name="userService" ref="userService" ></property>
  </bean>

struts.xml:


    <!-- 
       整合方案2:class属性上填写spring中action对象的BeanName
         完全由spring管理action生命周期,包括Action的创建
         注意:需要手动组装依赖属性
     -->
    <action name="UserAction_*" class="userAction" method="{1}" >
      <result name="toHome" type="redirect" >/index.htm</result>
      <result name="error" >/login.jsp</result>
    </action>

六、单独配置hibernate

1.导入实体类&orm元数据

  

举例:User.java


package cn.xyp.web.domain;

import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

public class User {
  private Long user_id;
  private String user_code;
  private String user_name;
  private String user_password;
  private Character user_state;
  public Long getUser_id() {
    return user_id;
  }
  public void setUser_id(Long user_id) {
    this.user_id = user_id;
  }
  public String getUser_code() {
    return user_code;
  }
  public void setUser_code(String user_code) {
    this.user_code = user_code;
  }
  public String getUser_name() {
    return user_name;
  }
  public void setUser_name(String user_name) {
    this.user_name = user_name;
  }
  public String getUser_password() {
    return user_password;
  }
  public void setUser_password(String user_password) {
    this.user_password = user_password;
  }
  public Character getUser_state() {
    return user_state;
  }
  public void setUser_state(Character user_state) {
    this.user_state = user_state;
  }
  @Override
  public String toString() {
    return "User [user_id=" + user_id + ", user_code=" + user_code + ", user_name=" + user_name + ", user_password="
        + user_password + "]";
  }
}

User.hbm.xml:


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC 
  "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
  "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="cn.xyp.domain" >
  <class name="User" table="sys_user" >
    <id name="user_id" >
      <generator class="native"></generator>
    </id>
    <property name="user_code" ></property>
    <property name="user_name" ></property>
    <property name="user_password" ></property>
    <property name="user_state" ></property>
  
  </class>
</hibernate-mapping>

2.配置主配置文件(hibernate.xml)


<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC
  "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
  "http://www.hibernate.org/dtd/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-configuration>
  <session-factory>
  
     <!-- 数据库驱动 -->
    <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class">com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</property>
     <!-- 数据库url -->
    <property name="hibernate.connection.url">jdbc:mysql:///crm_32</property>
     <!-- 数据库连接用户名 -->
    <property name="hibernate.connection.username">root</property>
     <!-- 数据库连接密码 -->
    <property name="hibernate.connection.password">1234</property>
    <!-- 数据库方言
      注意: MYSQL在选择方言时,请选择最短的方言.
     -->
    <property name="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</property>
    
    
    <!-- 将hibernate生成的sql语句打印到控制台 -->
    <property name="hibernate.show_sql">true</property>
    <!-- 将hibernate生成的sql语句格式化(语法缩进) -->
    <property name="hibernate.format_sql">true</property>
    <!-- 
    自动导出表结构. 自动建表
     -->
    <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</property>
     
     <!-- 引入实体配置文件 -->
    <mapping resource="cn/xyp/domain/Customer.hbm.xml" />
    <mapping resource="cn/xypt/domain/LinkMan.hbm.xml" />
    <mapping resource="cn/xyp/domain/User.hbm.xml" />
    
  </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

七、spring整合hibernate

1.整合原理

将sessionFactory对象交给spring容器管理

2.在spring中配置sessionFactory

(1)配置方案一:(了解) 


<!-- 加载配置方案1:仍然使用外部的hibernate.cfg.xml配置信息 -->
  <bean name="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
    <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml" ></property>
  </bean> 

(2)配置方案二:(推荐)


  <!-- 加载配置方案2:在spring配置中放置hibernate配置信息 -->
  <bean name="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
    <!-- 将连接池注入到sessionFactory, hibernate会通过连接池获得连接 -->
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" ></property>
    <!-- 配置hibernate基本信息 -->
    <property name="hibernateProperties">
      <props>
        <!-- 必选配置 -->
        <prop key="hibernate.connection.driver_class" >com.mysql.jdbc.Driver</prop>
        <prop key="hibernate.connection.url" >jdbc:mysql:///crm_32</prop>
        <prop key="hibernate.connection.username" >root</prop>
        <prop key="hibernate.connection.password" >1234</prop> 
        <prop key="hibernate.dialect" >org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
        
        <!-- 可选配置 -->
        <prop key="hibernate.show_sql" >true</prop>
        <prop key="hibernate.format_sql" >true</prop>
        <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" >update</prop>
      </props>
    </property>
    <!-- 引入orm元数据,指定orm元数据所在的包路径,spring会自动读取包中的所有配置 -->
    <property name="mappingDirectoryLocations" value="classpath:cn/itcast/domain" ></property>
  </bean>

八、spring整合c3p0连接池

1.配置db.properties


jdbc.jdbcUrl=jdbc:mysql:///xyp_crm
jdbc.driverClass=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
jdbc.user=root
jdbc.password=123456

2.引入连接池到spring中


  <!-- 读取db.properties文件 -->
  <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties" />
  <!-- 配置c3p0连接池 -->
  <bean name="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource" >
    <property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.jdbcUrl}" ></property>
    <property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driverClass}" ></property>
    <property name="user" value="${jdbc.user}" ></property>
    <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" ></property>
  </bean>

3.将连接池注入给SessionFactory


  <bean name="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >
    <!-- 将连接池注入到sessionFactory, hibernate会通过连接池获得连接 -->
    <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" ></property>

九、spring整合hibernate环境操作数据库

1.Dao类创建:继承HibernateDaoSupport

注意:项目中要确保使用统一版本。


//HibernateDaoSupport 为dao注入sessionFactory
public class UserDaoImpl extends HibernateDaoSupport implements UserDao {

2.hibernate模板的操作

(1)execute
 


  @Override
  public User getByUserCode(final String usercode) {
    //HQL
    return getHibernateTemplate().execute(new HibernateCallback<User>() {
      @Override
      public User doInHibernate(Session session) throws HibernateException {
          String hql = "from User where user_code = ? ";
          Query query = session.createQuery(hql);
          query.setParameter(0, usercode);
          User user = (User) query.uniqueResult();
        return user;
      }
    });

(2)findByCriteria


    //Criteria
    DetachedCriteria dc = DetachedCriteria.forClass(User.class);
    
    dc.add(Restrictions.eq("user_code", usercode));
    
    List<User> list = (List<User>) getHibernateTemplate().findByCriteria(dc);
      
    if(list != null && list.size()>0){
      return list.get(0);
    }else{
      return null;
    }

3.spring中配置dao


  <!-- Dao -->
  <bean name="userDao" class="cn.xyp.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl" >
    <!-- 注入sessionFactory -->
    <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory"></property>
  </bean>

十、spring的aop事务

1.准备工作


  <!-- 核心事务管理器 -->
  <bean name="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.HibernateTransactionManager" >
    <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" ></property>
  </bean>

2.xml配置aop事务

(1)配置通知


  <!-- 配置通知 -->
  <tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager" >
    <tx:attributes>
      <tx:method name="save*" isolation="REPEATABLE_READ" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" />
      <tx:method name="persist*" isolation="REPEATABLE_READ" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" />
      <tx:method name="update*" isolation="REPEATABLE_READ" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" />
      <tx:method name="modify*" isolation="REPEATABLE_READ" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" />
      <tx:method name="delete*" isolation="REPEATABLE_READ" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" />
      <tx:method name="remove*" isolation="REPEATABLE_READ" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="false" />
      <tx:method name="get*" isolation="REPEATABLE_READ" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />
      <tx:method name="find*" isolation="REPEATABLE_READ" propagation="REQUIRED" read-only="true" />
    </tx:attributes>
  </tx:advice>

(2)配置织入


  <!-- 配置将通知织入目标对象
  配置切点
  配置切面 -->
  <aop:config>
    <aop:pointcut expression="execution(* cn.itcast.service.impl.*ServiceImpl.*(..))" id="txPc"/>
    <aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPc" />
  </aop:config>

3.注解配置aop事务

(1)开启注解事务


  <!-- 开启注解事务 -->
  <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

(2)Service类中使用注解


@Transactional(isolation=Isolation.REPEATABLE_READ,propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED,readOnly=true)
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService{

  @Override
  @Transactional(isolation=Isolation.REPEATABLE_READ,propagation=Propagation.REQUIRED,readOnly=false)
  public void saveUser(User u) {
    ud.save(u);
  }

十一、扩大session作用范围

1.配置filter

为了避免使用懒加载时出现no-session问题.需要扩大session的作用范围。


 <!-- 扩大session作用范围
   注意: 任何filter一定要在struts的filter之前调用
   因为struts是不会放行的
  -->
  <filter>
   <filter-name>openSessionInView</filter-name>
   <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate5.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
 </filter>

 <filter-mapping>
   <filter-name>openSessionInView</filter-name>
   <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </filter-mapping>

十二、练习:用户登录

1.struts.xml核心配置


<struts>
  <!-- # struts.objectFactory = spring  将action的创建交给spring容器  
      struts.objectFactory.spring.autoWire = name spring负责装配Action依赖属性
      -->
  <constant name="struts.objectFactory" value="spring"></constant>

  <package name="crm" namespace="/" extends="struts-default" >
    <global-exception-mappings>
      <exception-mapping result="error" exception="java.lang.RuntimeException"></exception-mapping>
    </global-exception-mappings>

     <!-- 
       整合方案:class属性上填写spring中action对象的BeanName
         完全由spring管理action生命周期,包括Action的创建
         注意:需要手动组装依赖属性
     -->
    <action name="UserAction_*" class="userAction" method="{1}" >
      <result name="toHome" type="redirect" >/index.htm</result>
      <result name="error" >/login.jsp</result>
    </action>
  </package>
</struts>

2.Action代码


public class UserAction extends ActionSupport implements ModelDriven<User> {
  private User user = new User();
  
  private UserService userService ;
  
  public void setUserService(UserService userService) {
    this.userService = userService;
  }

  public String login() throws Exception {
      //1 调用Service执行登陆逻辑
      User u = userService.getUserByCodePassword(user);
      //2 将返回的User对象放入session域
      ActionContext.getContext().getSession().put("user", u);
      //3 重定向到项目首页
    return "toHome";
  }

  @Override
  public User getModel() {
    return user;
  }

}

2.Service核心代码


  public User getUserByCodePassword(User u) {
    // 1 根据登陆名称查询登陆用户
    User existU = ud.getByUserCode(u.getUser_code());
    // 2 判断用户是否存在.不存在=>抛出异常,提示用户名不存在
    if (existU == null) {
      throw new RuntimeException("用户名不存在!");
    }
    // 3 判断用户密码是否正确=>不正确=>抛出异常,提示密码错误
    if (!existU.getUser_password().equals(u.getUser_password())) {
      throw new RuntimeException("密码错误!");
    }
    // 4 返回查询到的用户对象
    return existU;
  }

3.Dao核心代码


  public User getByUserCode(final String usercode) {

    //Criteria
    DetachedCriteria dc = DetachedCriteria.forClass(User.class);
    dc.add(Restrictions.eq("user_code", usercode));
    
    List<User> list = (List<User>) getHibernateTemplate().findByCriteria(dc);
    
    if(list != null && list.size()>0){
      return list.get(0);
    }else{
      return null;
    }
    
  }

以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持PHPERZ。



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