10.7 运行目录或压缩文件

问题¶

You have a program that has grown beyond a simple script into an application involving multiple files. You’d like to have some easy way for users to run the program.

解决方案¶

If your application program has grown into multiple files, you can put it into its own directory and add a __main__.py file. For example, you can create a directory like this:

myapplication/
    spam.py
    bar.py
    grok.py
    __main__.py

If __main__.py is present, you can simply run the Python interpreter on the top-level directory like this:

bash % python3 myapplication

The interpreter will execute the __main__.py file as the main program.

This technique also works if you package all of your code up into a zip file. For example:

bash % ls
spam.py bar.py grok.py __main__.py
bash % zip -r myapp.zip *.py
bash % python3 myapp.zip
... output from __main__.py ...

讨论¶

Creating a directory or zip file and adding a __main__.py file is one possible way to package a larger Python application. It’s a little bit different than a package in that the code isn’t meant to be used as a standard library module that’s installed into the Python library. Instead, it’s just this bundle of code that you want to hand someone to execute.

Since directories and zip files are a little different than normal files, you may also want to add a supporting shell script to make execution easier. For example, if the code was in a file named myapp.zip, you could make a top-level script like this:

#!/usr/bin/env python3 /usr/local/bin/myapp.zip