发布于 2015-07-14 00:25:24 | 131 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: 网友投递
这里有新鲜出炉的Git中文教程(社区版)，程序狗速度看过来！
Git分布式版本控制系统
Git是一款自由和开源的分布式版本控制系统，用于敏捷高效地处理任何或小或大的项目。
Git 2.5.0 RC2 发布，Git是一款自由和开源的分布式版本控制系统，用于敏捷高效地处理任何或小或大的项目。 更新内容如下：
新特性：
UI, Workflows & Features
* The bash completion script (in contrib/) learned a few options that
"git revert" takes.
* Whitespace breakages in deleted and context lines can also be
painted in the output of "git diff" and friends with the new
--ws-error-highlight option.
* List of commands shown by "git help" are grouped along the workflow
elements to help early learners.
* "git p4" now detects the filetype (e.g. binary) correctly even when
the files are opened exclusively.
* git p4 attempts to better handle branches in Perforce.
* "git p4" learned "--changes-block-size <n>" to read the changes in
chunks from Perforce, instead of making one call to "p4 changes"
that may trigger "too many rows scanned" error from Perforce.
* More workaround for Perforce's row number limit in "git p4".
* Unlike "$EDITOR" and "$GIT_EDITOR" that can hold the path to the
command and initial options (e.g. "/path/to/emacs -nw"), 'git p4'
did not let the shell interpolate the contents of the environment
variable that name the editor "$P4EDITOR" (and "$EDITOR", too).
This release makes it in line with the rest of Git, as well as with
Perforce.
* A new short-hand <branch>@{push} denotes the remote-tracking branch
that tracks the branch at the remote the <branch> would be pushed
to.
* "git show-branch --topics HEAD" (with no other arguments) did not
do anything interesting. Instead, contrast the given revision
against all the local branches by default.
* A replacement for contrib/workdir/git-new-workdir that does not
rely on symbolic links and make sharing of objects and refs safer
by making the borrowee and borrowers aware of each other.
Consider this as still an experimental feature; its UI is still
likely to change.
* Tweak the sample "store" backend of the credential helper to honor
XDG configuration file locations when specified.
* A heuristic we use to catch mistyped paths on the command line
"git <cmd> <revs> <pathspec>" is to make sure that all the non-rev
parameters in the later part of the command line are names of the
files in the working tree, but that means "git grep $str -- *.c"
must always be disambiguated with "--", because nobody sane will
create a file whose name literally is asterisk-dot-see. Loosen the
heuristic to declare that with a wildcard string the user likely
meant to give us a pathspec.
* "git merge FETCH_HEAD" learned that the previous "git fetch" could
be to create an Octopus merge, i.e. recording multiple branches
that are not marked as "not-for-merge"; this allows us to lose an
old style invocation "git merge <msg> HEAD $commits..." in the
implementation of "git pull" script; the old style syntax can now
be deprecated (but not removed yet).
* Filter scripts were run with SIGPIPE disabled on the Git side,
expecting that they may not read what Git feeds them to filter.
We however treated a filter that does not read its input fully
before exiting as an error. We no longer do and ignore EPIPE
when writing to feed the filter scripts.
This changes semantics, but arguably in a good way. If a filter
can produce its output without fully consuming its input using
whatever magic, we now let it do so, instead of diagnosing it
as a programming error.
* Instead of dying immediately upon failing to obtain a lock, the
locking (of refs etc) retries after a short while with backoff.
* Introduce http.<url>.SSLCipherList configuration variable to tweak
the list of cipher suite to be used with libcURL when talking with
https:// sites.
* "git subtree" script (in contrib/) used "echo -n" to produce
progress messages in a non-portable way.
* "git subtree" script (in contrib/) does not have --squash option
when pushing, but the documentation and help text pretended as if
it did.
* The Git subcommand completion (in contrib/) no longer lists credential
helpers among candidates; they are not something the end user would
invoke interactively.
* The index file can be taught with "update-index --untracked-cache"
to optionally remember already seen untracked files, in order to
speed up "git status" in a working tree with tons of cruft.
* "git mergetool" learned to drive WinMerge as a backend.
* "git upload-pack" that serves "git fetch" can be told to serve
commits that are not at the tip of any ref, as long as they are
reachable from a ref, with uploadpack.allowReachableSHA1InWant
configuration variable.
* "git cat-file --batch(-check)" learned the "--follow-symlinks"
option that follows an in-tree symbolic link when asked about an
object via extended SHA-1 syntax, e.g. HEAD:RelNotes that points at
Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.0.txt. With the new option, the command
behaves as if HEAD:Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.0.txt was given as
input instead.
尝试性和未完成特性：
- We may want to do the same for in-index objects, e.g.
asking for :RelNotes with this option should give
:Documentation/RelNotes/2.5.0.txt, too
- "git cat-file --follow-symlinks blob HEAD:RelNotes"
may also be something we want to allow in the future.
* "git send-email" learned the alias file format used by the sendmail
program (in a simplified form; we obviously do not feed pipes).
* "git am" learned am.threeWay configuration variable.
* Traditionally, external low-level 3-way merge drivers are expected
to produce their results based solely on the contents of the three
variants given in temporary files named by %O, %A and %B on their
command line.
* "git blame" learned blame.showEmail configuration variable.
* "git apply" cannot diagnose a patch corruption when the breakage is
to mark the length of the hunk shorter than it really is on the
hunk header line "@@ -l,k +m,n @@"; one special case it could is
when the hunk becomes no-op (e.g. k == n == 2 for two-line context
patch output), and it learned to do so in this special case.
* Add the "--allow-unknown-type" option to "cat-file" to allow
inspecting loose objects of an experimental or a broken type.
* Many long-running operations show progress eye-candy, even when
they are later backgrounded.
其他改进和 bug 修复请看发行说明。