Python新手实现2048小游戏示例

# -*- coding:UTF-8 -*-
#! /usr/bin/python3
 
import random
 
v = [[0, 0, 0, 0],
   [0, 0, 0, 0],
   [0, 0, 0, 0],
   [0, 0, 0, 0]]
 
def display(v, score):
    '''显示界面
 
    '''
    print('{0:4} {1:4} {2:4} {3:4}'.format(v[0][0], v[0][1], v[0][2], v[0][3]))
    print('{0:4} {1:4} {2:4} {3:4}'.format(v[1][0], v[1][1], v[1][2], v[1][3]))
    print('{0:4} {1:4} {2:4} {3:4}'.format(v[2][0], v[2][1], v[2][2], v[2][3]))
    print('{0:4} {1:4} {2:4} {3:4}'.format(v[3][0], v[3][1], v[3][2], v[3][3]), '  Total score: ', score)
 
def init(v):
    '''随机分布网格值
     
    '''
    for i in range(4):
        v[i] = [random.choice([0, 0, 0, 2, 2, 4]) for x in range(4)]
 
def align(vList, direction):
    '''对齐非零的数字
 
    direction == 'left'：向左对齐，例如[8,0,0,2]左对齐后[8,2,0,0]
    direction == 'right'：向右对齐，例如[8,0,0,2]右对齐后[0,0,8,2]
    '''
 
    # 移除列表中的0
    for i in range(vList.count(0)):
        vList.remove(0)
    # 被移除的0
    zeros = [0 for x in range(4 - len(vList))]
    # 在非0数字的一侧补充0
    if direction == 'left':
        vList.extend(zeros)
    else:
        vList[:0] = zeros
     
def addSame(vList, direction):
    '''在列表查找相同且相邻的数字相加, 找到符合条件的返回True，否则返回False,同时还返回增加的分数
     
    direction == 'left':从右向左查找，找到相同且相邻的两个数字，左侧数字翻倍，右侧数字置0
    direction == 'right':从左向右查找，找到相同且相邻的两个数字，右侧数字翻倍，左侧数字置0
    '''
    score = 0
    if direction == 'left':
        for i in [0, 1, 2]:
            if vList[i] == vList[i+1] != 0: 
                vList[i] *= 2
                vList[i+1] = 0
                score += vList[i]
                return {'bool':True, 'score':score}
    else:
        for i in [3, 2, 1]:
            if vList[i] == vList[i-1] != 0:
                vList[i-1] *= 2
                vList[i] = 0
                score += vList[i-1]
                return {'bool':True, 'score':score}
    return {'bool':False, 'score':score}
 
def handle(vList, direction):
    '''处理一行（列）中的数据，得到最终的该行（列）的数字状态值, 返回得分
 
    vList: 列表结构，存储了一行（列）中的数据
    direction: 移动方向,向上和向左都使用方向'left'，向右和向下都使用'right'
    '''
    totalScore = 0
    align(vList, direction)
    result = addSame(vList, direction)
    while result['bool'] == True:
        totalScore += result['score']
        align(vList, direction)
        result = addSame(vList, direction)
    return totalScore
     
 
def operation(v):
    '''根据移动方向重新计算矩阵状态值，并记录得分
    '''
    totalScore = 0
    gameOver = False
    direction = 'left'
    op = input('operator:')
    if op in ['a', 'A']:  # 向左移动
        direction = 'left'
        for row in range(4):
            totalScore += handle(v[row], direction)
    elif op in ['d', 'D']: # 向右移动
        direction = 'right'
        for row in range(4):
            totalScore += handle(v[row], direction)
    elif op in ['w', 'W']: # 向上移动
        direction = 'left'
        for col in range(4):
            # 将矩阵中一列复制到一个列表中然后处理
            vList = [v[row][col] for row in range(4)]
            totalScore += handle(vList, direction)
            # 从处理后的列表中的数字覆盖原来矩阵中的值
            for row in range(4):
                v[row][col] = vList[row]
    elif op in ['s', 'S']: # 向下移动
        direction = 'right'
        for col in range(4):
            # 同上
            vList = [v[row][col] for row in range(4)]
            totalScore += handle(vList, direction)
            for row in range(4):
                v[row][col] = vList[row]
    else:
        print('Invalid input, please enter a charactor in [W, S, A, D] or the lower')
        return {'gameOver':gameOver, 'score':totalScore}
 
    # 统计空白区域数目 N
    N = 0
    for q in v:
      N += q.count(0)
    # 不存在剩余的空白区域时，游戏结束
    if N == 0:
        gameOver = True
        return {'gameOver':gameOver, 'score':totalScore}
 
    # 按2和4出现的几率为3/1来产生随机数2和4
    num = random.choice([2, 2, 2, 4]) 
    # 产生随机数k，上一步产生的2或4将被填到第k个空白区域
    k = random.randrange(1, N+1)
    n = 0
    for i in range(4):
        for j in range(4):
            if v[i][j] == 0:
                n += 1
                if n == k:
                    v[i][j] = num
                    break
 
    return {'gameOver':gameOver, 'score':totalScore}
 
init(v)
score = 0
print('Input：W(Up) S(Down) A(Left) D(Right), press <CR>.')
while True:
    display(v, score)
    result = operation(v)
    if result['gameOver'] == True:
        print('Game Over, You failed!')
        print('Your total score:', score)
    else:
        score += result['score']
        if score >= 2048:
            print('Game Over, You Win!!!')
            print('Your total score:', score)