发布于 2014-11-27 03:57:48 | 227 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: 网友投递
这里有新鲜出炉的Pro Git v2 中文版，程序狗速度看过来！
Git分布式版本控制系统
Git是一款自由和开源的分布式版本控制系统，用于敏捷高效地处理任何或小或大的项目。
Git是一款自由和开源的分布式版本控制系统，用于敏捷高效地处理任何或小或大的项目。
Git 2.2.0 正式发布，此版本现已提供下载。更新内容如下：
自 2.1 版本以来的更新
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Ports
* Building on older MacOS X systems automatically sets
the necessary NO_APPLE_COMMON_CRYPTO build-time option.
* Building with NO_PTHREADS has been resurrected.
* Compilation options have been updated a bit to better support the
z/OS port.
UI, Workflows & Features
* "git archive" learned to filter what gets archived with a pathspec.
* "git config --edit --global" starts from a skeletal per-user
configuration file contents, instead of a total blank, when the
user does not already have any global config. This immediately
reduces the need to later ask "Have you forgotten to set
core.user?", and we can add more to the template as we gain
more experience.
* "git stash list -p" used to be almost always a no-op because each
stash entry is represented as a merge commit. It learned to show
the difference between the base commit version and the working tree
version, which is in line with what "git stash show" gives.
* Sometimes users want to report a bug they experience on their
repository, but they are not at liberty to share the contents of
the repository. "fast-export" was taught an "--anonymize" option
to replace blob contents, names of people, paths and log
messages with bland and simple strings to help them.
* "git difftool" learned an option to stop feeding paths to the
diff backend when it exits with a non-zero status.
* "git grep" learned to paint (or not paint) partial matches on
context lines when showing "grep -C<num>" output in color.
* "log --date=iso" uses a slight variant of the ISO 8601 format that is
more human readable. A new "--date=iso-strict" option gives
datetime output that conforms more strictly.
* The logic "git prune" uses is more resilient against various corner
cases.
* A broken reimplementation of Git could write an invalid index that
records both stage #0 and higher-stage entries for the same path.
We now notice and reject such an index, as there is no sensible
fallback (we do not know if the broken tool wanted to resolve and
forgot to remove the higher-stage entries, or if it wanted to unresolve
and forgot to remove the stage #0 entry).
* The temporary files "git mergetool" uses are renamed to avoid too
many dots in them (e.g. a temporary file for "hello.c" used to be
named e.g. "hello.BASE.4321.c" but now uses underscore instead,
e.g. "hello_BASE_4321.c", to allow us to have multiple variants).
* The temporary files "git mergetool" uses can be placed in a newly
created temporary directory, instead of the current directory, by
setting the mergetool.writeToTemp configuration variable.
* "git mergetool" understands "--tool bc" now, as version 4 of
BeyondCompare can be driven the same way as its version 3 and it
feels awkward to say "--tool bc3" to run version 4.
* The "pre-receive" and "post-receive" hooks are no longer required
to consume their input fully (not following this requirement used
to result in intermittent errors in "git push").
* The pretty-format specifier "%d", which expands to " (tagname)"
for a tagged commit, gained a cousin "%D" that just gives the
"tagname" without frills.
* "git push" learned "--signed" push, that allows a push (i.e.
request to update the refs on the other side to point at a new
history, together with the transmission of necessary objects) to be
signed, so that it can be verified and audited, using the GPG
signature of the person who pushed, that the tips of branches at a
public repository really point the commits the pusher wanted to,
without having to "trust" the server.
* "git interpret-trailers" is a new filter to programmatically edit
the tail end of the commit log messages, e.g. "Signed-off-by:".
* "git help everyday" shows the "Everyday Git in 20 commands or so"
document, whose contents have been updated to match more modern
Git practice.
* On the "git svn" front, work progresses to reduce memory consumption and
to improve handling of mergeinfo.
Performance, Internal Implementation, Development Support etc.
* The API to manipulate the "refs" has been restructured to make it
more transactional, with the eventual goal to allow all-or-none
atomic updates and migrating the storage to something other than
the traditional filesystem based one (e.g. databases).
* The lockfile API and its users have been cleaned up.
* We no longer attempt to keep track of individual dependencies to
the header files in the build procedure, relying instead on automated
dependency generation support from modern compilers.
* In tests, we have been using NOT_{MINGW,CYGWIN} test prerequisites
long before negated prerequisites e.g. !MINGW were invented.
The former has been converted to the latter to avoid confusion.
* Optimized looking up a remote's configuration in a repository with very many
remotes defined.
* There are cases where you lock and open to write a file, close it
to show the updated contents to an external processes, and then have
to update the file again while still holding the lock; now the
lockfile API has support for such an access pattern.
* The API to allocate the structure to keep track of commit
decoration has been updated to make it less cumbersome to use.
* An in-core caching layer to let us avoid reading the same
configuration files several times has been added. A few commands
have been converted to use this subsystem.
* Various code paths have been cleaned up and simplified by using
the "strbuf", "starts_with()", and "skip_prefix()" APIs more.
* A few codepaths that died when large blobs that would not fit in
core are involved in their operation have been taught to punt
instead, by e.g. marking a too-large blob as not to be diffed.
* A few more code paths in "commit" and "checkout" have been taught
to repopulate the cache-tree in the index, to help speed up later
"write-tree" (used in "commit") and "diff-index --cached" (used in
"status").
* A common programming mistake to assign the same short option name
to two separate options is detected by the parse_options() API to help
developers.
* The code path to write out the packed-refs file has been optimized,
which especially matters in a repository with a large number of
refs.
* The check to see if a ref $F can be created by making sure no
existing ref has $F/ as its prefix has been optimized, which
especially matters in a repository with a large number of existing
refs.
* "git fsck" was taught to check the contents of tag objects a bit more.
* "git hash-object" was taught a "--literally" option to help
debugging.
* When running a required clean filter, we do not have to mmap the
original before feeding the filter. Instead, stream the file
contents directly to the filter and process its output.
* The scripts in the test suite can be run with the "-x" option to show
a shell-trace of each command they run.
* The "run-command" API learned to manage the argv and environment
arrays for child process, alleviating the need for the callers to
allocate and deallocate them.
* Some people use AsciiDoctor, instead of AsciiDoc, to format our
documentation set; the documentation has been adjusted to be usable
by both, as AsciiDoctor is pickier than AsciiDoc about its input
mark-up.
Also contains various documentation updates and code clean-ups.
更多内容请看发行说明。