发布于 2014-10-05 23:24:41 | 216 次阅读 | 评论: 0 | 来源: 网友投递
OpenBSD 类UNIX操作系统
OpenBSD是一个多平台的，基于4.4BSD的类UNIX操作系统，是BSD衍生出的三种免费操作系统（另外两种是NetBSD和FreeBSD）之一，被称为世界上最安全的操作系统。专案领导人 Theo de Raadt在1995年发起了OpenBSD 专案，希望创造一个注重安全的操作系统。
OpenBSD 5.6 将于 11 月 1 日发布，与 5.5 版本比较，该版本包含大量的改进内容：
Installer improvements:
Remove ftp and tape as install methods.
Preserve the disklabel (and next 6 blocks) when installing boot block on 4k-sector disk drives.
Change the "Server?" question to "HTTP Server?" to allow unambiguous autoinstall(8) handling.
Allow autoinstall(8) to fetch and install sets from multiple locations.
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New/extended platforms:
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Improved hardware support, including:
SCSI Multipathing support via mpath(4) and associated path drivers on several architectures.
New qlw(4) driver for QLogic ISP SCSI HBAs.
New qla(4) driver for QLogic ISP2100/2200/2300 Fibre Channel HBAs.
New upd(4) sensor driver for USB Power Devices (UPS).
New brswphy(4) driver for Broadcom BCM53xx 10/100/1000TX Ethernet PHYs.
New uscom(4) driver for simple USB serial adapters.
New axen(4) driver for ASIX Electronics AX88179 10/100/Gigabit USB Ethernet devices.
The inteldrm(4) and radeondrm(4) drivers have improved suspend/resume support.
The userland interface for the agp(4) driver has been removed.
The rtsx(4) driver now supports card readers based on the RTS5227 and RTL8402 chipsets.
The firmware for the run(4) driver has been updated to version 0.33.
The run(4) driver now supports devices based on the RT3900E chipset.
The zyd(4) driver, which was broken for some time, has been fixed.
The bwi(4) driver now works in systems with more than 1GB of RAM.
The re(4) driver now supports devices based on the RTL8168EP/8111EP, RTL8168G/8111G, and RTL8168GU/8111GU chipsets.
Generic network stack improvements:
divert(4) now supports checksum offload.
IPv6 is now turned off on new interfaces by default. Assigning an IPv6 address will enable IPv6 on an interface.
Support for RFC4620 IPv6 Node Information Queries has been removed.
The kernel no longer supports the SO_DONTROUTE socket option.
The getaddrinfo(3) function now supports the AI_ADDRCONFIG flag defined in RFC 3493.
Include router alert option (RAO) in IGMP packets, as required by RFC2236.
ALTQ has been removed.
Routing daemons and other userland network improvements:
When used with the -v flag, tcpdump(8) now shows the actual bad checksum within the IP/protocol header itself and what the good checksum should be.
ftp(1) now allows its User-Agent to be changed via the -U command-line option.
The -r option of ping(8) and traceroute(8) has been removed.
ifconfig(8) can now explicitly assign an IPv6 link-local address and turn IPv6 autoconf on or off.
ifconfig(8) has been made smarter about parsing WEP keys on the command line.
ifconfig(8) scan now shows the encryption type of wireless networks (WEP, WPA, WPA2, 802.1x).
MS-CHAPv1 (RFC2433) support has been removed from pppd(8).
OpenSMTPD 5.4.3 (includes changes to 5.4.2):
Minor bug fixes in some corner cases of the routing logic.
The enqueuer no longer adds its own User-Agent.
Disabled profiling code, allowing all processes to rest rather than waking up every second.
Reworked the purge task to avoid disk-hits unless necessary... only once at startup.
Fix various header parsing bugs in the local enqueuer.
Assorted minor fixes and code cleanups.
OpenSMTPD replaces Sendmail as the default MTA.
Queue process now runs under a different user for better isolation.
Merged MDA, MTA and SMTP processes into a single unprivileged process.
Killed the MFA process, it is no longer needed.
Added support for email addresses lookups in the table_db backend.
Added RSA privilege separation support to prevent possible private key leakage.
New/changed features:
The following significant bugs have been fixed in this release:
Security improvements:
Changed the heuristics of the stack protector to also protect functions with local array definitions and references to local frame addresses. This matches the -fstack-protector-strong option of upstream GCC.
Position-independent executables (PIE) are now used by default on powerpc.
Removed Kerberos.
Default bcrypt hash type is now $2b$.
Remove md5crypt support.
Improved easier to use bcrypt API is now available.
Increase randomness of random mmap mappings.
Added getentropy(2).
Added timingsafe_memcmp(3).
Assorted improvements:
locate databases for both base and xenocara, as /usr/lib/locate/src.db and /usr/X11R6/lib/locate/xorg.db.
Much faster package updates, due to package contents reordering that precludes re-downloading unchanged files.
Fix many programs that failed when accessing disks having sector sizes other than 512 bytes, includingbadsect(8),df(1),dump(8),dumpfs(8),fsck_ext2fs(8),fsck_ffs(8),fsdb(8),growfs(8),ncheck_ffs(8),quotacheck(8),tunefs(8).
Constrain MSDOS timestamps to 1/1/1980 through 12/31/2107. 64-bit time_t values outside that range are stored as 1/1/1980.
bs(6) now prints a battleship splash screen.
rsh, rshd, rwho, rwhod, ruptime, asa, bdes, fpr, mkstr, page, xstr, oldrdist, fsplit, uyap, and bluetooth have been removed.
Fix atexit(3) recursive handlers.
Enhancedisklabel(8) to recover filesystem mountpoint information when reading saved ascii labels.
Properly handlemsgbuf_write(3) EOF conditions, including uses intmux(1),dvmrpd(8),ldapd(8),ldpd(8),ospf6d(8),ospfd(8),relayd(8),ripd(8),smtpd(8),ypldap(8).
Constrain fdisk(8) '-l' to disk sizes of 64 blocks or more.
Sync fdisk(8) built-in MBR with current /usr/mdec/mbr.
Quiet dhclient(8) '-q' even more.
Log less redundant dhclient(8) info.
New leases, lease renewals, cable state changes more obvious to applications monitoring dhclient(8) files.
Preserve chronological order of leases in the dhclient.leases(5) leases files.
Use 'lease {}' statements in dhclient.conf(5), allowing interfaces to get an address when no dynamic lease is available.
Improve dhclient(8) parsing and printing of classess static routes.
Eliminate unnecessary rewrites of resolv.conf(5) by dhclient(8).
Added sendsyslog(2): syslog(3) now works even when out of file descriptors or in a chroot.
Faster hibernate/unhibernate performance on amd64 and i386 platforms.
Support hibernating to softraid(4) crypto volumes.
Added reallocarray(3), which allows multiple sized objects to be allocated without the cost of clearing memory while avoiding possible integer overflows.
Extended fread(3) and fwrite(3) to check for integer overflows.
Improved performance of seekdir(3) to start of current buffer.
Added <endian.h> per the revision of the POSIX spec in progress.
LibreSSL
No support for legacy MacOS, Netware, OS/2, VMS and Windows platforms, as well as antique compilers.
Removal of the IBM 4758, Broadcom ubsec, Sureware, Nuron, GOST, GMP, CSwift, CHIL, CAPI, Atalla and AEP engines, either because the hardware is irrelevant, or because they require external non-free libraries to work.
No support for FIPS-140 compliance.
No EBCDIC support.
Use standard routines from the C library (malloc, strdup, snprintf...) instead of rolling our own, sometimes badly.
Remove the old OpenSSL PRNG, and rely upon arc4random_buf from libc for all the entropy needs.
Remove the MD2 and SEED algorithms.
Remove J-PAKE, PSK and SRP (mis)features.
Aggressive cleaning of BN memory when no longer used.
No support for Kerberos.
No support for SSLv2.
No support for the questionable DTLS heartbeat extension.
No support for TLS compression.
No support for US-Export SSL ciphers.
Do not use the current time as a random seed in libssl.
Support for ChaCha and Poly1305 algorithm.
Support for Brainpool and ANSSI elliptic curves.
Support for AES-GCM and ChaCha20-Poly1305 AEAD modes.
OpenSSH 6.7
sshd(8): Fix remote forwarding with same listen port but different listen address.
ssh(1): Fix inverted test that caused PKCS#11 keys that were explicitly listed in ssh_config(5) or on the commandline not to be preferred.
ssh-keygen(1): Fix bug in KRL generation: multiple consecutive revoked certificate serial number ranges could be serialised to an invalid format. Readers of a broken KRL caused by this bug will fail closed, so no should-have-been-revoked key will be accepted.
ssh(1): Reflect stdio-forward ("ssh -W host:port ...") failures in exit status. Previously we were always returning 0. (bz#2255)
ssh(1), ssh-keygen(1): Make Ed25519 keys' title fit properly in the randomart border. (bz#2247)
ssh-agent(1): Only cleanup agent socket in the main agent process and not in any subprocesses it may have started (e.g. forked askpass). Fixes agent sockets being zapped when askpass processes fatal(). (bz#2236)
ssh-add(1): Make stdout line-buffered; saves partial output getting lost when ssh-add(1) fatal()s part-way through (e.g. when listing keys from an agent that supports key types that ssh-add(1) doesn't). (bz#2234)
ssh-keygen(1): When hashing or removing hosts, don't choke on "@revoked" markers and don't remove "@cert-authority" markers. (bz#2241)
ssh(1): Don't fatal when hostname canonicalisation fails and a ProxyCommand is in use; continue and allow the ProxyCommand to connect anyway (e.g. to a host with a name outside the DNS behind a bastion).
scp(1): When copying local->remote fails during read, don't send uninitialised heap to the remote end.
sftp(1): Fix fatal "el_insertstr failed" errors when tab-completing filenames with a single quote char somewhere in the string. (bz#2238)
ssh-keyscan(1): Scan for Ed25519 keys by default.
ssh(1): When using VerifyHostKeyDNS with a DNSSEC resolver, down-convert any certificate keys to plain keys and attempt SSHFP resolution. Prevents a server from skipping SSHFP lookup and forcing a new-hostkey dialog by offering only certificate keys.
sshd(8): Avoid crash at exit via NULL pointer reference. (bz#2225)
Fix some strict-alignment errors.
Major internal refactoring to begin to make part of OpenSSH usable as a library. So far the wire parsing, key handling and KRL code has been refactored. Please note that we do not consider the API stable yet, nor do we offer the library in separable form.
ssh(1), sshd(8): Add support for Unix domain socket forwarding. A remote TCP port may be forwarded to a local Unix domain socket and vice versa or both ends may be a Unix domain socket.
ssh(1), ssh-keygen(1): Add support for SSHFP DNS records for Ed25519 key types.
sftp(1): Allow resumption of interrupted uploads.
ssh(1): When rekeying, skip file/DNS lookups of the hostkey if it is the same as the one sent during initial key exchange. (bz#2154)
sshd(8): Allow explicit ::1 and 127.0.0.1 forwarding bind addresses when GatewayPorts=no; allows client to choose address family. (bz#2222)
sshd(8): Add a sshd_config(5) PermitUserRC option to control whether ~/.ssh/rc is executed, mirroring the no-user-rc authorized_keys option. (bz#2160)
ssh(1): Add a %C escape sequence for LocalCommand and ControlPath that expands to a unique identifer based on a hash of the tuple of (local host, remote user, hostname, port). Helps avoid exceeding miserly pathname limits for Unix domain sockets in multiplexing control paths. (bz#2220)
sshd(8): Make the "Too many authentication failures" message include the user, source address, port and protocol in a format similar to the authentication success/failure messages. (bz#2199)
Added unit and fuzz tests for refactored code.
sshd(8): The default set of ciphers and MACs has been altered to remove unsafe algorithms. In particular, CBC ciphers and arcfour* are disabled by default.
sshd(8): Support for tcpwrappers/libwrap has been removed.
OpenSSH 6.5 and 6.6 have a bug that causes ~0.2% of connections using the "curve25519-sha256@libssh.org" KEX exchange method to fail when connecting with something that implements the specification correctly. OpenSSH 6.7 disables this KEX method when speaking to one of the affected versions.
Potentially-incompatible changes:
New/changed features:
The following significant bugs have been fixed in this release:
Ports and packages:
Over 8,800 ports.
...
Many pre-built packages for each architecture:
mips64: 4686
mips64el: 6697
arm: XXXX
hppa: 6143
vax: 1995
amd64: 8588
powerpc: 8049
m88k: XXXX
sparc: 3394
i386: 8588
sparc64: 7965
alpha: 6278
sh: XXXX
Some highlights:
GNOME 3.12.2
KDE 3.5.10
KDE 4.13.3
Xfce 4.10
MySQL 5.1.73
PostgreSQL 9.3.4
Postfix 2.11.1
OpenLDAP 2.3.43 and 2.4.39
Mozilla Firefox 31.0
Mozilla Thunderbird 31.0
GHC 7.6.3
LibreOffice 4.1.6.2
Emacs 21.4 and 24.3
Vim 7.4.135
PHP 5.3.28, 5.4.30 and 5.5.14
Python 2.7.8, 3.3.5 and 3.4.1
Ruby 1.8.7.374, 1.9.3.545, 2.0.0.481 and 2.1.2
Tcl/Tk 8.5.15 and 8.6.1
JDK 1.6.0.32 and 1.7.0.55
Mono 3.4.0
Chromium 36.0.1985.125
Groff 1.22.2
Go 1.3
GCC 4.6.4, 4.8.3 and 4.9.0
LLVM/Clang 3.5 (20140228)
Node.js 0.10.28
As usual, steady improvements in manual pages and other documentation.
The system includes the following major components from outside suppliers:
Xenocara (based on X.Org 7.7 with xserver 1.15.2 + patches, freetype 2.5.3, fontconfig 2.11.1, Mesa 10.2.3, xterm 309, xkeyboard-config 2.11 and more)
Gcc 4.2.1 (+ patches) and 3.3.6 (+ patches)
Perl 5.18.2 (+ patches)
Nginx 1.6.0 (+ patches)
SQLite 3.8.4.3 (+ patches)
Sendmail 8.14.8, with libmilter
Bind 9.4.2-P2 (+ patches)
NSD 4.0.3
Unbound 1.4.22
Sudo 1.7.2p8
Ncurses 5.7
Binutils 2.15 (+ patches)
Gdb 6.3 (+ patches)
Less 458 (+ patches)
Awk Aug 10, 2011 version
详细列表请看 http://www.openbsd.org/plus56.html